What is UGC ---all information of how to become professor

University Grants Commission (India)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

University Grants Commission
Abbreviation	UGC
Motto	Gyan-Vigyan Vimukte(Knowledge Liberates)
Formation	December 28, 1953
Headquarters	New Delhi
Location	India
Chairman	Prof. Ved Prakash
Affiliations	Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development
Website	www.ugc.ac.in

The University Grants Commission (UGC) of India is a statutory organisation set up by the Union government in 1956, charged with coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education. It provides recognition to universities in India, and disburses funds to such recognized universities and colleges. Prof. Ved Prakash, a noted academician and education administrator, is the incumbent Chairman of UGC, India.^[1] Its headquarters are in New Delhi, and six regional centres in Pune, Bhopal, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Bangalore.^[2]

Contents   [hide]  1 History 2 UGC's Mandate 3 Professional councils 4 Plans for closing 5 References 6 External links

History [edit]

UGC was recommended in 1945 and formed in 1946 to oversee the work of the three Central Universities of Aligarh, Banaras and, Delhi. In 1947, the Committee was entrusted with the responsibility of dealing with all the then existing Universities. After independence, the University Education Commission was set up in 1948 under the Chairmanship of S. Radhakrishnan and it recommended that the UGC be reconstituted on the general model of the University Grants Commission of the United Kingdom.

UGC was formally inaugurated by Abul Kalam Azad, the Minister of Education, Natural Resources and Scientific Research on 28 December 1953.

The UGC was however, formally established in November 1956, by an Act of Parliament as a statutory body of the Government of India. In order to ensure effective region-wise coverage throughout the country, the UGC has decentralised its operations by setting up six regional centres at Pune,Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bhopal, Guwahati and Bangalore. The head office of the UGC is located at Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg in New Delhi, with two additional bureaus operating from 35, Feroze Shah Road and the South Campus of University of Delhi as well.

UGC's Mandate [edit]

The UGC has the unique distinction of being the only grant-giving agency in the country which has been vested with two responsibilities: that of providing funds and that of coordination, determination and maintenance of standards in institutions of higher education.

The UGC's mandate includes:

• Promoting and coordinating university education.
• Determining and maintaining standards of teaching, examination and research in universities.
• Framing regulations on minimum standards of education.
• Monitoring developments in the field of collegiate and university education; disbursing grants to the universities and colleges.
• Serving as a vital link between the Union and state governments and institutions of higher learning.
• Advising the Central and State governments on the measures necessary for improvement of university education.

Gate 2014 format

 About GATE 2014:
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs at Bombay,
Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras and Roorkee) jointly administer the conduct of
GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) that serves as a means for admissions to
graduate programmes in various engineering and science disciplines in the country. The results
of GATE are also used by several Public Sector Undertakings to short list the candidates for
their recruitment. The operations related to GATE in each of the 8 zones are managed by a
zonal GATE Office at an IIT or IISc. The Organizing Institute (OI) is responsible for the end-toend process and coordination amongst the administering institutes. The Organizing Institute for
GATE 2014 is IIT Kharagpur. For GATE 2014, the examinations for all the papers will be
conducted in computer based Online Examination mode in multiple sessions spread over the
period from 1st February 2014 to 9
th March 2014. In the computer based Online Examination,
the candidates will be required to answer the questions that appear on a computer connected to
a server on a Local Area Network (LAN). Answers would be recorded at a server that also
keeps track of the time for the examination. We hereby seek a Company Partner (CP) to
provide the technology and the operational solution for the conduct of online examination for
GATE 2014.

UGC Net exam

National Eligibility Test

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The National Eligibility Test (NET) is the national level entrance examination in India for postgraduate candidates who wish to qualify for admission in PhD research and/or university level teaching jobs in India. For the humanities and art discipline it is administered by the University Grants Commission (referred to as "UGC NET"), while for the science and engineering discipline it is jointly conducted by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and University Grants Commission ("CSIR-UGC" NET).

Contents   [hide]  1 Controversies 2 Social Media Postings about National Eligibility Test 3 References 4 External links

Controversies[edit]

While a section of academicians advocated the abolition of the National Eligibility Test, the All India Federation of University and College Teachers’ Organisation (AIFUCTO) has strongly opposed attempts to abolish the National Eligibility Test (NET). The organization advocated that the test improves the standard of teaching in the country and instead of abolishing it all together the government must revisit some of its provisions that are making it flawed and unimplementable.^[1]

Image depicting the eligibility criteria for June 2012 National Eligibility Test (NET) - a criteria which the UGC itself set aside in releasing the supplementary list which was largely non-criteria based

National Eligibility Test (NET) of June 2012 was the most controversial examination because its result was published on September 18, 2012. After the publication of the results, the Commission allegedly altered the Test’s qualification norms by mandating that candidates in the general category score an aggregate of 65 per cent for all three of the NET’s papers to become eligible for lectureship. The corresponding figure for the OBC category is 60 per cent and that of the SC/ST category is 55 per cent.According to the appearing students, in the original notification of the UGC it was specified that candidates in the general category should score at least 40 per cent for papers one and two and 50 per cent for paper three to be eligible for consideration for the final preparation of the result.^[2]

This image highlights the anamolies of UGC NET Result of June 2012 where candidates getting less than 50% passed the test. UGC set an aggregate pass criteria General -65%, OBC - 60% and SC/ST - 55%.

In the light of the student protests and representations, the UGC released a supplementary list on November 12, 2012, which although qualified a few more candidates, but it did not specify any criteria for the revised list.^[3] Added to this was the fact that there were anomalies in the results declared where candidates securing less than 50 percent aggregate were declared as qualified whereas many general candidates with more 60 percent remained unqualified.

More than 7000 candidates approached the Kerala High Court against the University Grants Commission (UGC). The Kerala High court declared as illegal the new norms fixed by UGC for the National Eligibility Test (NET) for college and university lectureship. The court held that fixing of higher aggregate marks for three categories (General, OBC and SC/ST), that too just before the announcements of results, cannot be justified as the same was "not supportable by law". ^[4]

In the light of this judgement, the University Grants Commission added the specific note "NOTIFICATION REGARDING PROCEDURE AND CRITERIA FOR DECLARATION OF RESULT OF UGC NET TO BE HELD ON 30TH DECEMBER, 2012 " on its website just two days before the examination.It also listed stepwise clearance criteria for candidates of different categories and subjects according to the competitive cutoffs fixed by the University Grants Commission, with an aim to clear top 15 percent candidates only. ^[5]

Social Media Postings about National Eligibility Test[edit]

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Most 500 powerful computers

TOP500 most powerful computers

Exponential growth of supercomputers performance, based on data from top500.org site. The y-axis shows performance in GFLOPS. The red line denotes the fastest supercomputer in the world at the time. The yellow line denotes supercomputer no. 500 on TOP500 list. The dark blue line denotes the total combined performance of supercomputers on TOP500 list.

The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful (non-distributed) computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The first of these updates always coincides with the International Supercomputing Conference in June, and the second one is presented in November at the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference. The project aims to provide a reliable basis for tracking and detecting trends in high-performance computing and bases rankings on HPL,^[1] a portable implementation of the High-Performance LINPACK benchmark written in Fortran for distributed-memory computers.

The TOP500 list is compiled by Hans Meuer of the University of Mannheim, Germany, Jack Dongarra of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Erich Strohmaier and Horst Simon of NERSC/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Contents   [hide]  1 History 2 Top 10 ranking 3 Other rankings 3.1 Systems ranked #1 since 1993 3.2 Number of systems 4 Large machines not on the list 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

History[edit]

In the early 1990s, a new definition of supercomputer was needed to produce meaningful statistics. After experimenting with metrics based on processor count in 1992, the idea was born at theUniversity of Mannheim to use a detailed listing of installed systems as the basis. Early 1993 Jack Dongarra was persuaded to join the project with his Linpack benchmark. A first test version was produced in May 1993, partially based on data available on the Internet, including the following sources:^[2][3]

• "List of the World's Most Powerful Computing Sites" maintained by Gunter Ahrendt
• David Kahaner, who had an immense amount of data.

The information from those sources was used for the first two lists. Since June 1993, the TOP500 is produced bi-annually based on site and vendor submissions only.

Since 1993, performance of the #1 ranked position has steadily grown in agreement with Moore's law, doubling roughly every 14 months. As of November 2012, the fastest system, the Titan with Rpeak^[4] of 27.1125 PFlop/s, is over 206,965 times faster than the fastest system in November 1993, the Connection Machine CM-5/1024 (1024 cores) with Rpeak of 131.0 GFlop/s.^[5]

Top 10 ranking[edit]

The following table gives the Top 10 positions of the 40th TOP500 List released on November 12, 2012.

Rank	Rmax Rpeak (Pflops)	Name	Computer design Processor type, interconnect	Vendor	Site Country, year	Operating system
1	17.590 27.113	Titan	Cray XK7 Opteron 6274 + Tesla K20X, Custom	Cray	Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee   United States, 2012	Linux (CLE, SLES based)
2	16.325 20.133	Sequoia	Blue Gene/Q PowerPC A2, Custom	IBM	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory   United States, 2011	Linux (RHEL and CNK)
3	10.510 11.280	K computer	RIKEN SPARC64 VIIIfx, Tofu	Fujitsu	RIKEN   Japan, 2011	Linux
4	8.162 10.066	Mira	Blue Gene/Q PowerPC A2, Custom	IBM	Argonne National Laboratory   United States, 2012	Linux (RHEL and CNK)
5	4.141 5.033	JUQUEEN	Blue Gene/Q PowerPC A2, Custom	IBM	Forschungszentrum Jülich   Germany, 2012	Linux (RHEL and CNK)
6	2.897 3.185	SuperMUC	iDataPlex DX360M4 Xeon E5–2680, Infiniband	IBM	Leibniz-Rechenzentrum   Germany, 2012	Linux
7	2.660 3.959	Stampede	PowerEdge C8220 Xeon E5–2680, Infiniband	Dell	Texas Advanced Computing Center   United States, 2012	Linux
8	2.566 4.701	Tianhe-1A	NUDT YH Cluster Xeon 5670 + Tesla 2050, Arch[6]	NUDT	National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin   China, 2010	Linux
9	1.725 2.097	Fermi	Blue Gene/Q PowerPC A2, Custom	IBM	CINECA   Italy, 2012	Linux (RHEL and CNK)
10	1.515 1.944	DARPA Trial Subset	Power 775 POWER7, Custom	IBM	IBM Development Engineering   United States, 2012	Linux (RHEL)

Legend

• Rank – Position within the TOP500 ranking. In the TOP500 List table, the computers are ordered first by their Rmax value. In the case of equal performances (Rmax value) for different computers, the order is by Rpeak. For sites that have the same computer, the order is by memory size and then alphabetically.
• Rmax – The highest score measured using the LINPACK benchmark suite. This is the number that is used to rank the computers. Measured in quadrillions of floating point operations persecond, i.e. petaflops.
• Rpeak – This is the theoretical peak performance of the system. Measured in Pflops.
• Name – Some supercomputers are unique, at least on its location, and are therefore christened by its owner.
• Computer – The computing platform as it is marketed.
• Processor cores – The number of active processor cores actively used running Linpack. After this figure is the processor architecture of the cores named. If the interconnect between computing nodes is of interest, it's also included here.
• Vendor – The manufacturer of the platform and hardware.
• Site – The name of the facility operating the supercomputer.
• Country – The country in which the computer is situated.
• Year – The year of installation/last major update.
• Operating System – The operating system that the computer uses.

Other rankings[edit]

Systems ranked #1 since 1993[edit]

• Cray Titan ( United States, November 2012 - present)
• IBM Sequoia Blue Gene/Q ( United States, June 2012 – November 2012)
• Fujitsu K computer ( Japan, June 2011 – June 2012)
• NUDT Tianhe-1A ( China, November 2010 – June 2011)
• Cray Jaguar ( United States, November 2009 – November 2010)
• IBM Roadrunner ( United States, June 2008 – November 2009)
• IBM Blue Gene/L ( United States, November 2004 – June 2008)
• NEC Earth Simulator ( Japan, June 2002 – November 2004)
• IBM ASCI White ( United States, November 2000 – June 2002)
• Intel ASCI Red ( United States, June 1997 – November 2000)
• Hitachi CP-PACS ( Japan, November 1996 – June 1997)
• Hitachi SR2201 ( Japan, June 1996 – November 1996)
• Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel ( Japan, November 1994 – June 1996)
• Intel Paragon XP/S140 ( United States, June 1994 – November 1994)
• Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel ( Japan, November 1993 – June 1994)
• TMC CM-5 ( United States, June 1993 – November 1993)

Number of systems[edit]

By number of systems as of June 2012:^[7]

Top processor architectures

• x86-64 - 435
  • Intel Xeon - 372
  • AMD Opteron - 62
• Power - 58
• SPARC - 5

Top vendors

• IBM - 213
• HP - 138
• Cray - 27
• Dell - 13

Top regions

Country	Nov 12	Jun 12	Nov 11	Jun 11	Nov 10	Jun 10	Nov 09	Jun 09	Nov 08	Jun 08	Nov 07
United States	250	252	263	255	276	280	277	291	291	258	284
China	72	68	74	61	41	25	21	21	15	12	10
Japan	32	35	30	26	26	18	16	15	17	22	20
United Kingdom	24	25	27	27	24	38	44	43	45	52	47
France	21	22	23	25	25	29	26	23	26	34	17
Germany	19	20	20	30	26	24	27	30	25	47	31
Canada	11	10	9	8	6	7	9	8	2	2	5
India	8	5	2	2	4	5	3	6	8	6	9
Russia	8	5	5	12	11	11	8	4	8	8	7
Australia	7	6	4	6	4	1	1	1	1	1	1
Italy	7	8	4	5	6	7	6	6	11	6	6
Sweden	6	4	3	5	6	8	7	10	8	9	7
Korea, South	4	3	3	4	3	1	2		1	1	1
Poland	4	5	6	5	6	5	3	4	6	3	1
Switzerland	4	1	3	4	4	5	5	4	4	6	7
Finland	3	1	1	2	1	3	2	1	1	1	5
Norway	3	3	0	1	3	2	2	2	2	2	3
Saudi Arabia	3	3	3	4	6	4	5	3
Taiwan	3	3	2	2				1	2	3	11
Brazil	2	3	2	2	2	1	1		2	1	1
Spain	2	4	3	2	3	3	6	4	6	7	9
Austria	1	1	2	2	1	2	8	5
Belgium	1	2	1	2	2		1	1	2	2	1
Denmark	1	1	2	2	2	3			3		1
Israel	1	3	3	2		1	2	1	1
Mexico	1							1	1
Slovak Republic	1	1
Ireland		3	3	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Singapore		1	1	2	2	1	1	1			1
South Africa		1	1			1	1		1
United Arab Emirates		1
Netherlands				1	2	4	3	3	3	5	6
Hong Kong						1	1	1
New Zealand					5	7	8	6	4	6	1
Slovenia					1	1	1	1	1	1
Turkey						1					1
Bulgaria							1	1	1
Malaysia							1	1	1	2	3
Cyprus										1	1
Egypt										1	1
Indonesia											1
Luxembourg											1

Large machines not on the list[edit]

A few machines that have not been benchmarked are not eligible for the list: such as NCSA's Blue Waters. Additionally purpose built machines that are not capable or do not run the benchmark are not included: such as RIKEN MDGRAPE-3.